(Extract from the Introduction)BR The present report describes the methods, findings and conclusions of the soil survey investigations, forming part of the Phase II studies which were carried out in the Homboy Irrigated Settlement Project Area. Chapter 1 gives an account of the general natural and human resources of the area and Chapter 2 describes the soils in more detail, drawing on information gained from the present survey and investigations. The principles and methods employed for arriving at the land suitability classification for the proposed development are described in Chapter 3, along with general guidelines as to suitability for rain fed agriculture. The findings, conclusions and recommendations of this study are presented in the andlsquoSummary and Conclusionsandrsquoat the beginning of the report.Br The Homboy Scheme is a large and complex development. In addition to extensive civil works the lives of more than 25,000 settlers presently residing at Dujuuma and over 8,000 local residents within the project area will be deeply affected. The physical planning necessary to ensure a smooth yet rapid development, while at the sane time, minimising hardship and unnecessary disturbance, has been studied in detail, and our proposals are presented in this volume. Parts 1, 2, 3 and 4 cover the important aspects of villagisation, the relocation of the settler-s and the infrastructure necessary to support both the domestic and scheme management requirements. A summary of costs is also included. The Annex describes the main construction works and again costs are included.

This volume gives results of a semi-detailed soil survey carried out over a total gross area of 9,559 ha of the Mogambo irrigation project area. The report aims to extend the results of earlier studies on soils in the area . This is achieved by a more detailed observation network of survey sites in the area in particular within the Juba alluvial sails (five sites/km2). It also provides more quantitative data on the soil chemical and physical properties as an additional aid in soil classification for planning the development of irrigation in the area. Soil units identified are described in terms of modal characteristics and the variation found within the unit with profile descriptions for a11 pits and selected auger holes included in Appendices II and III. The nature of the mapped boundaries is fully described. The land was classified making use of the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) methods, modified to suit the conditions found in the area. Suitability for rice and for field crops other than rice were considered separately and special use Class 4 was used to indicate areas more suitable for sprinkler development. Limitations affecting land suitability are denoted by the use of suitable land class suffix letters.

The principal tasks included in the terms of reference for the supplementary study are summarised below: ol; liUndertake a topographical survey of the whole project area and beyond its boundary, by up to 500 m where necessary. /li; liCarry out a semi-detailed soil survey of the project area including comprehensive in situ and laboratory analyses of soil and water samples./li; li Review the hydrology of the Juba river with particular regard to' the low flow periods and project flooding and the influence of Bardheere dam on the project. /li; liCarry out a preliminary design of the irrigation and drainage system including layout drawings, canal and drain longitudinal and cross-sections, flood protection details, pump station design, typical structure drawings and preliminary details of project infrastructure./li; /ol

(Extract from the introduction) The agricultural planning for a State-owned large scale farm which will utilise effectively the physical and human resources of the Mogambo project area is discussed in this annex. The soils, population and labour force in the area are discussed fully in Annexes 2 and 6 respectively. The main conclusions regarding suitability of the land for irrigated cropping and availability of labour are mentioned here as they are primary factors determining the cropping and farming systems proposed.

(Extracts from introduction)The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of developing a livestock enterprise within the Mogambo irrigation project. Any livestock enterprise would need to fit into the overall strategy of a state farm, but, of necessity, must also relate to the present and proposed developments of the livestock and agricultural sections in the Lower Juba region. The removal of fodder crops from the cropping pattern at Mogambo has meant that emphasis has now to be placed on crop residues and by-products as the principal source of feed.

This annex examines the economic and agricultural background in Somalia, and discusses the marketing mechanisms and financial and economic crop prices. Economic models for the project are constructed and analyzed, and the recommended model is discussed in detail

The Mogambo project is situated in the Lower Juba basin. The climate is semi-arid and annual average rainfall is only about SO0 mm per year. Almost all crop water requirements are met from the Juba river. Chapter 3 summarizes crop water requirements for the Mogambo project and other developments planned for the next 10 years and gives incremental water usages expected in the immediate, short and medium terms. An analysis of river flows expected in each month at various locations is reported in Chapter 4. These water availability are compared with incremental future water uses, which take account of all medium-term development on the Juba, to give the net availabilities at Mogambo. Drainage rates from cropped areas are discussed in Chapter 5, using daily water balances and allowing for rainfall, infiltration and evaporation.

In this report, written after a visit to Somalia to evaluate irrigation potential, the hydrometric data base is questioned as regards both its validity and its representativity. Steps to improve the basic data are proposed which include technical assistance to check and re-establish station ratings over a period of one year. The design plan of the juba high dam is discussed and attention drawn to the necessity of seeking the best professional advice to determine this parameter which has a direct bearing upon the safety and the cost of the dam. Present and proposed irrigation in the Shebelle and Juba valleys are examined.

The goal of the project is to strengthen the capability of the water Development Agency of the Government of Somalia to design and implement a national water resource development program. The Project will assist in the collection of adequate national hydrogeologic, economic and social data and will provide technical assistance and commodities for a production drilling program. Data collected under the will enable the National Water Cormnittee (NWC) to establish priorities for a rational approach to national water resource development

The terms of reference for this Additional Study called for two alternatives (A and B) to be investigated. The development for alternative A has been based on the proposals of the Supplementary Study and allows for future expansion to the full area. The development for alternative B has been chosen as the beat area to be implemented independently of any future expansion. Alternative A identifies 2 052 ha net of surface irrigation and 163 ha net of overhead irrigation, and alternative B Identifies 1,809 ha net of surface irrigation end 122 ha net of overhead irrigation.

(Extract from the introduction)brThe main objective of the hydrogeological appraisal was to determine whether the potable water demand of the proposed settlements could be supplied from groundwater sources. Further objectives were to determine the best methods of groundwater abstraction and evaluate the costs of any necessary installations. The main problem with attaining these objectives has been the weakness of the existing data base. Thus, though some work relevant to the hydrogeology of the region had been done in the past, much of the data appears to have been lost. Particular examples of this are the boreholes drilled by the Russians, for which all records seem untraceable. Further, even such scant data as exists has never been systematically analysed and compiled. The approach of this study has been to collect all the published informationparticularly the various development reports, to interview the personnel of various agencies concerned with groundwater work in Somalia and to conduct a field survey to collect geological and hydrogeological data. All this information has been carefully processed and compiled to obtain a regional picture of the groundwater systems. The Project Area itself, for which basically no subsurface data exists, was then viewed within that regional context. The results obtained are not fully conclusive but they are strongly indicative.

(Extract from the summary)The present report describes the methods, findings and conclusions of the soil survey investigations, forming part of the Phase II studies which were carried out in the Homboy Irrigated Settlement Project Area. Chapter 1 gives an account of the general natural and human resources of the area and Chapter 2 describes the soils in more detail, drawing on information gained from the present survey and investigations. The principles and methods employed for arriving at the land suitability classification for the proposed development are described in Chapter 3, along with general guidelines as to suitability for rain fed agriculture. The findings, conclusions and recommendations of this study are presented in the andlsquoSummary and Conclusionsandrsquoat the beginning of the report.

This volume is a revision of the 1954 FAO agricultural paper no.43 including recent legislation and 27 country studies covering some new independent states. Larger investments in water development are increasingly being made in most of these countries. This requires emphasis on legal protection against over-development of water and encouragement of efficient management